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Information
| Unit | INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES |
| BIOSTATISTICS (MEDICINE) (MASTER) (WITHOUT THESIS) (EVENING EDUCATION) | |
| Code | BIST528 |
| Name | Scale Development, Validity-Reliability Studies |
| Term | 2025-2026 Academic Year |
| Term | Spring |
| Duration (T+A) | 2-2 (T-A) (17 Week) |
| ECTS | 6 ECTS |
| National Credit | 3 National Credit |
| Teaching Language | Türkçe |
| Level | Lisansüstü Dersi |
| Type | Normal |
| Mode of study | Yüz Yüze Öğretim |
| Catalog Information Coordinator | Prof. Dr. GÜLŞAH SEYDAOĞLU |
| Course Instructor |
The current term course schedule has not been prepared yet.
|
Course Goal / Objective
The aim of this course is to enable students to evaluate measurement instruments used in health sciences based on scientific criteria, understand the scale development process, and statistically examine validity and reliability.
Course Content
This course covers measurement scales and instruments used in health sciences, the scale development process, item writing, expert review, pilot testing, types of validity (content, construct, criterion), reliability analyses (Cronbach’s alpha, test–retest, item-total correlation), factor analysis (EFA/CFA), scoring and interpretation, cross-cultural adaptation, ethical considerations, and applied examples from health research.
Course Precondition
No prerequisites. (Basic knowledge of biostatistics is recommended.)
Resources
Alpar, R. (2010). Uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik: spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle. Detay Yayıncılık. Kline, R. B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Notes
Recent methodological articles on health measurement instruments
Course Learning Outcomes
| Order | Course Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|
| LO01 | Explain the basic characteristics of measurement instruments in health sciences. |
| LO02 | Define the stages of the scale development process. |
| LO03 | Develop scale items in accordance with scientific principles. |
| LO04 | Evaluate content and construct validity using appropriate methods. |
| LO05 | Examine reliability of scales using statistical techniques. |
| LO06 | Explain the purpose and application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. |
| LO07 | Critically appraise a health-related measurement scale. |
| LO08 | Apply ethical principles in scale development and adaptation studies. |
| LO09 | Interpret and report scale scores appropriately. |
Relation with Program Learning Outcome
| Order | Type | Program Learning Outcomes | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLO01 | Bilgi - Kuramsal, Olgusal | Explain basic biostatistics, probability, and demographic concepts used in health sciences. | |
| PLO02 | Bilgi - Kuramsal, Olgusal | Define research designs, sampling methods, and data types used in health research. | |
| PLO03 | Bilgi - Kuramsal, Olgusal | Explain the foundations of statistical approaches used in healthcare decision-making processes. | |
| PLO04 | Bilgi - Kuramsal, Olgusal | Explain the basic logic of regression, modeling, and advanced statistical methods used in health sciences. | 3 |
| PLO05 | Beceriler - Bilişsel, Uygulamalı | Analyze and interpret data obtained from health research using appropriate statistical methods. | 3 |
| PLO06 | Beceriler - Bilişsel, Uygulamalı | Perform statistical analyses and generate outputs using statistical software packages. | 2 |
| PLO07 | Beceriler - Bilişsel, Uygulamalı | Apply basic data science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning applications in health sciences. | |
| PLO08 | Beceriler - Bilişsel, Uygulamalı | Evaluate multiple regression and survival analysis results in a clinical context. | |
| PLO09 | Beceriler - Bilişsel, Uygulamalı | Analyze genetic and biomedical data using basic analytical approaches. | |
| PLO10 | Beceriler - Bilişsel, Uygulamalı | Apply scale development, validity, and reliability analyses. | 5 |
| PLO11 | Yetkinlikler - Bağımsız Çalışabilme ve Sorumluluk Alabilme Yetkinliği | Conduct data analysis and reporting within the scope of a term project. | |
| PLO12 | Yetkinlikler - Bağımsız Çalışabilme ve Sorumluluk Alabilme Yetkinliği | Apply and manage sampling procedures in health studies. | |
| PLO13 | Yetkinlikler - Öğrenme Yetkinliği | Critically evaluate scientific studies from a statistical perspective. | 3 |
| PLO14 | Yetkinlikler - İletişim ve Sosyal Yetkinlik | Present analysis results in accordance with ethical principles. | 2 |
| PLO15 | Yetkinlikler - Alana Özgü Yetkinlik | Applies fundamental concepts of epidemiology and health statistics to clinical and field settings. | 1 |
Week Plan
| Week | Topic | Preparation | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Course introduction; basics of measurement and evaluation | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 2 | Scale types and levels of measurement | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 3 | Scale development process and item writing | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 4 | Expert review and content validity | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 5 | Pilot testing and data preparation | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Soru-Cevap, Anlatım, Tartışma, Alıştırma ve Uygulama |
| 6 | Concept of reliability and types of reliability | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 7 | Cronbach’s alpha and item analysis | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 8 | Mid-Term Exam | Ölçme Yöntemleri: Sözlü Sınav |
|
| 9 | Introduction to factor analysis | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 10 | Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 11 | Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 12 | Scale adaptation and cross-cultural validity | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 13 | Evaluation of health-related scale examples | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 14 | General review | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Anlatım |
| 15 | Create a draft scale | Reading | Öğretim Yöntemleri: Soru-Cevap, Anlatım, Tartışma |
| 16 | Term Exams | Ölçme Yöntemleri: Ödev |
|
| 17 | Term Exams | Ölçme Yöntemleri: Ödev |
Student Workload - ECTS
| Works | Number | Time (Hour) | Workload (Hour) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Course Related Works | |||
| Class Time (Exam weeks are excluded) | 14 | 4 | 56 |
| Out of Class Study (Preliminary Work, Practice) | 14 | 3 | 42 |
| Assesment Related Works | |||
| Homeworks, Projects, Others | 1 | 15 | 15 |
| Mid-term Exams (Written, Oral, etc.) | 1 | 15 | 15 |
| Final Exam | 1 | 20 | 20 |
| Total Workload (Hour) | 148 | ||
| Total Workload / 25 (h) | 5,92 | ||
| ECTS | 6 ECTS | ||